Biological diversity — or biodiversity — is the variety of life on Earth, in all its forms, from tiny organisms to humans. The biodiversity we see today is the result of 4.5 billion years of evolution, increasingly influenced by humans.

According to the IPCC, climate change is already affecting species in terrestrial, freshwater, and ocean ecosystems around the world, future warming will make impacts worse.

Desertification means depletion of terrestrial ecosystems under the influence of harsh weather conditions and human activities. Its also known as land degradation, especially in arid, semi-arid and subhumid ecosystems.

Flooding is one of the devastating natural disasters occurring globally, and it became a major problem in many parts of the world due to its environmental and socio-economic impacts on the affected areas.

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) does not necessarily define new farming practices. It includes and builds upon many practices that farmers and ranchers already use, like cover cropping, nutrient management, and conservation tillage.

To date, European concerns due to climate change focus on the sectors of peace, security, and defence.

The recent floods that devastated Emilia-Romagna and other Italian regions have made it even clearer how necessary it is today to know how to deal with the consequences of climate change both through short-term and long-term actions.

Developing resilience to the impacts of changing climatic conditions in the food supply sector is an intricate and complex challenge that the whole world is tackling by combining both short-term and long-term strategies.

Green infrastructure, according to the “EU Strategy” consists of “a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with other environmental elements, designed and managed in a way that provides a broad spectrum of ecosystem services. On land, green infrastructure can be found in a rural and urban context.”

Urban green infrastructure plays a vital role in providing ecosystem services to cities. Green infrastructure performs vital roles in mitigating the growing risks in cities associated with rapid development and climate change.