Agriculture is the major source of livelihood in many African and Asian countries. Large numbers of the rural population are dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods.

The climate is the average weather conditions of the atmosphere at a particular location over a long period. Climate change as given by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.

When we think of Africa’s forests, we might picture breathtaking landscapes teeming with life. But they’re more than just beautiful scenery. These forests, covering about 15% of the world’s forested land, act like the planet's lungs—absorbing carbon and releasing oxygen.

Urban green spaces (UGSs) play a remarkable role to reduce bad consequences of the rapid rate of urbanization. They have very important part in creating the space of cities because quality of an urban is a result of balanced distribution between buildings, transport infrastructure and green spaces.

For a number of reasons, environmental management has become a major problem. The ecosystem has been thought to support not only humans but also other organisms. As environment-provided natural resources have helped humans and other animals in a variety of ways. 

South Africa, despite being an upper-middle-income country, is increasingly vulnerable to the harsh impacts of climate change. Over the years, the country has experienced severe weather events like droughts, wildfires, extreme temperatures, and particularly destructive floods.

The world is increasingly feeling the effects of climate change and environmental degradation, not just in rising global temperatures or melting glaciers but in the lived realities of people and communities across the globe.

Oceans are essential for life on Earth. They regulate our climate, produce oxygen, and support vast ecosystems. For South Africa, the ocean provides a critical economic lifeline, supporting the fisheries industry worth R6 billion and employing more than 27,000 people.

Extreme weather events have become more frequent and intense due to climate change, posing a significant challenge to emergency response systems globally.

Like many other Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Malawi is increasingly more susceptible to natural disasters brought on by extreme weather.